Science - Biology 1 - Lab Reports Library Support: Reference Techniques

Please consult the Science - Copyright, Plagiarism & Referencing LibGuide for information on:

What is Plagiarism?

UJ Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism Prevention for Students & Academics

How to prevent Plagiarism?

• Paraphrasing
• Citing in TEXT
• Referencing

Free Plagiarism Checkers/Detectors

Support videos and articles

Reference to a Print book:

(Authors (follow each surname with a comma and full stops after initials (date). Title. (Edition). Place of publication: Publisher

Strunk Jr., W., & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd Ed.). New York: Macmillan. 

Reference to an Online book: 

DOI: a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a publisher.
If a work has a DOI, always include the DOI at the end of the reference.

Authors (follow each surname with a comma and full stops after initials (date). Title. (Edition). Place of publication: Publisher

Azhar, M.T., Ahmad, M.Q., Rana, I.A. and Atif, R.M. eds. (2023). Biofortification of Grain and Vegetable Crops: Molecular and Breeding Approaches. Elsevier. doi.org/10.1016/C2021-0-01183-4 

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:

Mettam, G. R., & Adams, L. B. (1994). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In B. S. Jones, & R. Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the electronic age (pp. 281-304). New York: E-Publishing Inc.

Quick Guide to Referencing:

• UJ Library Quick Reference Guide: Harvard Reference Style

What is referencing?

It is a way to demonstrate that you have extended your learning.

Two reasons for referencing:

· To let the reader know whose ideas you are using

· To enable your reader to check your information

• Proper references must be given and must be sited in text. Use numbers (in text) and then list them in the order of appearance OR use surnames (in text) and list in alphabetical order.
• At least 3 references must be used (may include the current text book) and NO internet references

Reference to an Online journal article:

Authors (Surname and initials followed by comma after each initial e.g. James, J.& Snyman, M.) (date). Title of article. Journal Name, volume number, first page number – last page number. DOI number

DOI: a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a publisher.
If a work has a DOI, always include the DOI at the end of the reference.

Examples:

Morais, A.C., & Ferreira, S.T. (2005). Folding and stability of a coiled-coil investigated using chemical and physical denaturing agents: Comparative analysis of polymerized and non-polymerized forms of α-tropomyosin. The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 37:1386-1395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2005.01.008 

Note:  In-text you will refer to it as Morais & Ferreira (2005)

Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J. A. J., & Lupton R. A. (2000). The art of writing a scientific article. Journal of Scientific Communications, 163:51-59.  DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502005000800005

Note: In-text you will refer to it as Van der Geer et al., (2000)